Characterization and Detection of Exoplanets (review)

Exoplanets, also known as extrasolar planets, are planets prevailing outside the defined Solar System. Exoplanet Detection has undergone extensive development in the past few decades and present-day techniques for detection include Spectroscopic radial velocity method, Microlensing method, Optical Coronagraphy, Mid-infrared nulling Interferometry, Transit Technique and Astrometric Computations. A comparative study of these methods is done, outlining the trade-offs we make using each. This review provides an updated summary of the progress made in detection and characterization of exoplanets, and elucidates on where we stand on the detection of potentially habitable planets.